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Q1: ABPI interpretation (2 min)
- ≤0.90 PAD; 0.4–0.9 claudication range often; <0.4 severe/CLTI range
- >1.40 calcified incompressible (DM/CKD) → TBI
- Exercise ABPI if classic history but normal resting ABPI
Q2: Fontaine / Rutherford (2 min)
- I asymptomatic; IIa >200 m; IIb <200 m; III rest pain; IV tissue loss
- Rutherford finer categories including acute classifications
Q3: Best medical therapy (3 min)
- Stop smoking; high-intensity statin; antiplatelet
- Supervised exercise; cilostazol if no HF
- Risk factor control; foot protection
Q4: Imaging and revascularisation (2 min)
- Duplex first; CT/MR angiography for planning
- Endovascular for suitable focal lesions; bypass for extensive disease
- Vein conduit preferred long-term for infrainguinal bypass
Q5: Acute limb ischaemia (3 min)
- 6 Ps; Rutherford acute categories I–III
- Immediate heparin + urgent vascular referral
- Embolectomy vs lysis vs bypass; <6 h muscle clock
- Compartment syndrome after reperfusion
Q6: CLTI and amputation (2 min)
- Rest pain/tissue loss; urgent revascularisation + wound care
- Amputation when irreversible ischaemia/life-threatening infection
- Multidisciplinary diabetic foot clinic model
Q7: Differentials of claudication (2 min)
- Spinal stenosis (// shopping cart sign, not promptly relieved)
- Venous claudication; chronic compartment; osteoarthritis
- Buerger’s disease in young smokers
Q8: Antithrombotic updates (2 min)
- COMPASS: rivaroxaban 2.5 mg BD + aspirin in selected stable PAD reduces limb/CV events (bleeding trade-off)
- Dual pathway not for everyone — bleed risk assessment
- After revascularisation follow vascular team protocol