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Q1: ABCDE (2 min)
- Treat life threats as found; C-spine with airway; AMPLE on secondary survey
Q2: Tension pneumothorax (2 min)
- Clinical diagnosis; immediate needle/finger thoracostomy then drain; no CXR delay
Q3: Haemorrhagic shock classes (2 min)
- Class I–IV by volume loss; class III = falling BP + marked tachycardia/confusion
Q4: MTP & TXA (3 min)
- Balanced ~1:1:1 products; limit crystalloid; warm patient
- TXA 1 g then 1 g/8 h within 3 h (CRASH-2)
Q5: Unstable abdomen (3 min)
- eFAST positive + shock → theatre; CT only if stable
- Damage-control laparotomy sequence
Q6: Lethal triad (2 min)
- Hypothermia, acidosis, coagulopathy — why damage control exists
Q7: TBI airway threshold (2 min)
- GCS ≤8 intubate; prevent hypoxia/hypotension; CT when resus allows
Q8: Special populations (2 min)
- Pregnancy: left tilt, maternal resus first; elderly: occult shock, anticoagulants; children: weight-based blood volume ~80 mL/kg
Q9: Open pneumothorax & massive haemothorax (2 min)
- Open: three-sided occlusive dressing then chest drain
- Massive haemothorax: drain + blood products; thoracotomy if ongoing massive output/instability
Q10: Damage control laparotomy steps (3 min)
- Control haemorrhage (pack, clamp vessels), control contamination (staple/tie bowel), temporary abdominal closure, ICU resuscitation, planned relook
Q11: CRASH-2 detail (2 min)
- TXA reduces death from bleeding if given early; 1 g load + 1 g/8 h; no late catch-up dosing beyond 3 h window
Q12: C-spine (2 min)
- Manual in-line / collar until cleared by validated clinical rules ± imaging; log-roll with team