Example 1 · difficulty 3/5
A few birds carrying only a small, unrepresentative sample of their mainland population's alleles are blown to a remote island and establish a colony. Many generations later, the island population's allele frequencies differ markedly from those of the mainland. This is best described as:
- A. Gene flow from the mainland into the island population
- B. Directional selection favouring rare mainland alleles
- C. Founder effect, a special case of genetic drift
- D. Bottleneck effect caused by a crash in population size